when you are a kid, you get asked this one particular question a lot, it really gets kind of annoying. what do you want to be when you grow up? now, adults are hoping for answers like, i want to be an astronaut or i want to be a neurosurgeon, you’re adults in your imaginations.

　　kids, they’re most likely to answer with pro-skateboarder, surfer or minecraft player. i asked my little brother, and he said, seriously dude, i’m 10, i have no idea, probably a pro-skier, let’s go get some ice cream.

　　see, us kids are going to answer something we’re stoked on, what we think is cool, what we have experience with, and that’s typically the opposite of what adults want to hear.

　　but if you ask a little kid, sometimes you’ll get the best answer, something so simple, so obvious and really profound. when i grow up, i want to be happy.

　　for me, when i grow up, i want to continue to be happy like i am now. i’m stoked to be here at tedex, i mean, i’ve been watching ted videos for as long as i can remember, but i never thought i’d make it on the stage here so soon. i mean, i just became a teenager, and like most teenage boys, i spend most of my time wondering, how did my room get so messy all on its own.

　　did i take a shower today? and the most perplexing of all, how do i get girls to like me? neurosciences say that the teenage brain is pretty weird, our prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped, but we actually have more neurons than adults, which is why we can be so creative, and impulsive and moody and get bummed out.

　　but what bums me out is to know that, a lot of kids today are just wishing to be happy, to be healthy, to be safe, not bullied, and be loved for who they are. so it seems to me when adults say, what do you want to be when you grow up? they just assume that you’ll automatically be happy and healthy.

　　well, maybe that’s not the case, go to school, go to college, get a job, get married, boom, then you’ll be happy, right? you don’t seem to make learning how to be happy and healthy a priority in our schools, it’s separate from schools. and for some kids, it doesn’t exists at all? but what if we didn’t make it separate? what if we based education on the study and practice of being happy and healthy, because that’s what it is, a practice, and a simple practice at that?

　　education is important, but why is being happy and healthy not considered education, i just don’t get it. so i’ve been studying the science of being happy and healthy. it really comes down to practicing these eight things. exercise, diet and nutrition, time in nature, contribution, service to others, relationships, recreation, relaxation and stress management, and religious or spiritual involvement, yes, got that one.

　　so these eight things come from dr. roger walsh, he calls them therapeutic lifestyle changes or tlcs for short. he is a scientist that studies how to be happy and healthy. in researching this talk, i got a chance to ask him a few questions like; do you think that our schools today are making these eight tlcs a priority? his response was no surprise, it was essentially no. but he did say that many people do try to get this kind of education outside of the traditional arena, through reading and practices such as meditation or yoga.

　　but what i thought was his best response was that, much of education is oriented for better or worse towards making a living rather than making a life.

　　in XX, sir ken robinson gave the most popular ted talk of all time. schools kill creativity. his message is that creativity is as important as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.

　　a lot of parents watched those videos, some of those parents like mine counted it as one of the reasons they felt confident to pull their kids from traditional school to try something different. i realized i’m part of this small, but growing revolution of kids who are going about their education differently, and you know what? it freaks a lot of people out.

　　even though i was only nine, when my parents pulled me out of the school system, i can still remember my mom being in tears when some of her friends told her she was crazy and it was a stupid idea.

　　looking back, i’m thankful she didn’t cave to peer pressure, and i think she is too. so, out of the 200 million people that have watched sir ken robinson’s talk, why aren’t there more kids like me out there?

　　shane mcconkey is my hero. i loved him because he was the world’s best skier. but then, one day i realized what i really loved about shane, he was a hacker. not a computer hacker, he hacked skiing. his creativity and inventions made skiing what it is today, and why i love to ski. a lot of people think of hackers as geeky computer nerds who live in their parent’s basement and spread computer viruses, but i don’t see it that way.

　　hackers are innovators, hackers are people who challenge and change the systems to make them work differently, to make them work better, it’s just how they think, it’s a mindset.

　　i’m growing up in a world that needs more people with the hacker mindset, and not just for technology, everything is up for being hacked, even skiing, even education. so whether it’s steve jobs, mark zuckerberg or shane mcconkey having the hacker mindset can change the world.

　　healthy, happy, creativity in the hacker mindset are all a large part of my education. i call it hackschooling, i don’t use any one particular curriculum, and i’m not dedicated to any one particular approach, i hack my education.

　　i take advantage of opportunities in my community, and through a network of my friends and family. i take advantage of opportunities to experience what i’m learning, and i’m not afraid to look for shortcuts or hacks to get a better faster result. it’s like a remix or a mash-up of learning. it’s flexible, opportunistic, and it never loses sight of making happy, healthy and creativity a priority.

　　and here is the cool part, because it’s a mindset, not a system. hackschooling can be used anyone, even traditional schools. soo what does my school look like? well, it looks like starbucks a lot of the time, but like most kids i study lot of math, science, history and writing. i didn’t used to like to write because my teachers made me write about butterflies and rainbows, and i wanted to write about skiing.

　　it was a relief for my good friend’s mom, started the squaw valley kids institute, where i got to write through my experiences and my interests, while, connecting with great speakers from around the nation, and that sparked my love of writing.

　　i realized that once you’re motivated to learn something, you can get a lot done in a short amount of time, and on your own, starbucks is pretty great for that. hacking physics was fun, we learned all about newton and galileo, and we experienced some basic physics concepts like kinetic energy through experimenting and making mistakes.

　　my favorite was the giant newton’s cradle that we made out of bowling balls, no bocce balls. we experimented with lot of other things like bowling balls and event giant jawbreakers.

　　project discovery’s ropes course is awesome, and slightly stressful. when you’re 60 feet off the ground, you have to learn how to handle your fears, communicate clearly, and most importantly, trust each other.

　　community organizations play a big part in my education, high fives foundation’s basics program being aware and safe in critical situations. we spent a day with the squaw valley ski patrol to learn more about mountain safety, then the next day we switched to science of snow, weather and avalanches.

　　but most importantly, we learned that making bad decisions puts you and your friends at risk. young should talk, well brings history to life. you study a famous character in history, and so that you can stand on stage and perform as that character, and answer any question about their lifetime.

　　in this photo, you see al capone and bob marley getting grilled with questions at the historical piper’s opera house in virginia city, the same stage where harry houdini got his start.

　　time and nature is really important to me, it’s calm, quiet and i get to just log out of reality. i spend one day a week, outside all day. at my fox walkers classes, our goal is to be able to survive in the wilderness with just a knife. we learn to listen to nature, we learn to sense our surroundings, and i’ve gained a spiritual connection to nature that, i never knew existed.

　　but the best part is that we get to make spears, bows and arrows, fires with just a bow drill and survival shelters for the snowy nights when we camp out. hanging out at the moment factory where they hand make skis and design clothes, has really inspired me to one day have my own business. the guys at the factory showed me why i need to be good at math, be creative and get good at selling.

　　so i got an internship at big shark print to get better at design and selling. between fetching lunch, scrubbing toilets and breaking their vacuum cleaner, i’m getting to contribute to clothing design, customizing hats and selling them. the people who work there are happy, healthy, creative, and stoked to be doing what they are doing, this is by far my favorite class.

　　so, this is why i’m really happy, powder days, and it’s a good metaphor for my life, my education, my hackschooling. if everyone ski this mountain, like most people think of education, everyone will be skiing the same line, probably the safest and most of the powder would go untouched.

　　i look at this, and see a thousand possibilities, dropping the corners, shredding the spine, looking for a churning from cliff-to-cliff. skiing to me is freedom, and so is my education, it’s about being creative; doing things differently, it’s about community and helping each other. it’s about being happy and healthy among my very best friends.

　　so i’m starting to think, i know what i might want to do when i grow up, but if you ask me what do i want to be when i grow up? i’ll always know that i want to be happy. thank you.

关于大学生独立思维的演讲稿

　　各位老师、同学：

　　大家好!

　　今天我演讲的内容是关于大学生的独立思维。

　　哲学家帕思卡尔曾有过这样的动人描述：人只不过是一根苇草，是自然界最脆弱的东西;但他是一根能思想的苇草。用不着整个宇宙都拿起武器来才能毁灭;一口气、一滴水就足以致他于死命了。然而纵使宇宙毁灭了他，人却仍然要比致他死命的东西更高贵得多;因此他知道自己要死亡，以及宇宙对他所具有的优势，而宇宙对此一无所知。

　　我想没什么话再能比这段描述更能体现人的思想的独一无二性。如今，我们来到大学，学习某一专业，期望取得一技之长，凭此以后能够立足于社会。而蔡元培曾提出过，大学应该“思想自由，兼容并包”的。由此可见，我们不仅应在大学取得一技之长，更应在此培养出独立的思维。如果说人生就像在大海中航行，那么一技之长便是我们航行的能力，而独立思维则是我们辨别航向的能力。迷航的人终究只能漂泊在人生里，到达不了目的地。

　　那什么是独立思维呢?

　　此刻我站在这里演讲，大家看到我外表的美丑，感觉到我演说技巧的好坏，听到我演讲词的华丽与贫瘠。这些自然会引起每位听众的思考与评判。可是，我们不仅是听众，更是大学生，起应该具备独立思维的大学生。演讲的外在形式只产生一个吸引与否的效果，它是评委们对演讲者评判的一小部分。真正应该引起我们思考的，是演讲的内容，以及演讲者所阐述的思想。正是这种对另一个独立个体等思想的认识，才是我们真正的独立思维的体现。

　　有时，我们会在一场演讲会上昏昏欲睡，那是因为演讲内容的无趣与繁琐。有时我们则会很狂热。众所周知，美国总统奥巴马是个很棒等演讲家，他慷慨激昂的演说俘获了许多选民。可是同时大家也都看到他上任至今，美国社会状况并无明显好转。从其民众支持率的下跌，不难看出选民们对他的失望。二战时，希特勒也是位天才演讲家，德国民众在他的煽动下愿意为他付出生命。自然，大家也都知道他后来进行了一场多么邪恶的战争。

　　只凭一时的热情做出的选择往往缺乏理性。而独立思维的重要性也由此体现。在高度信息化的今天，有太多的理论与思想在涌入我们的大脑。它们有些是有益的，有些则是有害的。假如我们不具备独立思维，盲目接受，那结果是可怕的。

　　在这四年里，我们大学生除了学习专业知识外，更应培养出自己的独立思维。这样我们才能在面对问题时，看到它的本质，做出理性的评判。而使我们大学生区别于普通受众的地方，也正是这种对问题进行独立思考而做出理性评判的能力。因此，我认为，只有一个具备了独立思维的大学生，才能算是一个真正意义上接受了高等教育的大学生。

　　(这段你自己取舍)在人生旅程中，独立思维是辨别航向的能力，使我们不会迷失方向;独立思维是夜航的灯塔，指引我们前进的方向;独立思维是黑暗中的火光，照亮我们的道路。在此我祝愿每个年轻的朋友在大学里培养出自己的独立思维。

　　以上就是我自己关于大学生独立思维的一些想法，谢谢大家的倾听。

演讲稿写作的思维要增强现场感

文章导读：适合现场表达　演讲语言是经过精心锤炼和构筑的口语，是生活化的语言，它的语汇、句式和语气都有浓厚的口语色彩，通俗晓畅，自然流动，没有雕凿的痕迹，没有公文的程式化，没有诗歌式的跳跃和剪辑……

　　演讲稿写作的思维方式颇为独特，在构思和下笔时就提前进入了“现场”，在内容选择、语言选用和谋篇布局上都要有临场感，都要对未来的现场气氛和效果有所预感有所把握．就是说，要写好演讲稿，就要突破一般文章写作的思维定势，从寻找现场感觉入手，以此作为运思行文的分寸，做到——对应．

　　一、适合现场表达　演讲语言是经过精心锤炼和构筑的口语，是生活化的语言，它的语汇、句式和语气都有浓厚的口语色彩，通俗晓畅，自然流动，没有雕凿的痕迹，没有公文的程式化，没有诗歌式的跳跃和剪辑．因此，它很适合自如的口头表达．演讲语言又为演讲人运用语气、停顿、语调等语音手段和感情、手势等体态语言提供了充分的表现余地．总之演讲语言既要能“讲”又要能“演”，便于现场表达．在起草演讲稿时，要摆脱其他文体的负面影响，在语言体裁的抒情上以适合现场表达为尺度．请看秋瑾的着名演讲《敬告二万万女同胞》：

　　陈后主兴了这缠足的例子，我们要是有羞耻的，就应当兴师问罪!即不然，难道他捆着我的腿？我不会不缠的么？男子怕我们有知识、有学问，爬上他们的头，不准我们求学，我们难道不会和他分辩，就应了么？这总是我们女子自己放弃责任，样样事一见男子做了，自己就乐得偷懒，图安乐．男子说我没用，我就没用；说我不行，只要保着眼前舒服，就做奴隶也不问了．自己又看看无功受禄，恐怕行不长久，一听见男子喜欢脚小，就急急忙忙把它缠了，使男人看见喜欢，庶可以藉此吃白饭．

　　这段文既是精妙的语句组合，又是晓畅通脱的口语；既有催人猛醒的连珠炮式反问，又有冷静剖析的精到陈述；既有信手拈来的散句，又有回环复沓的顶针式排比，且整中有散，不拘一格；既有变化多端的语气语态，又在造句上恣意而为；短句为主，长短参差，如同信口而说，但又富于韵律；既是逻辑严密的议论，又是行云流水般的叙述；既是高屋建瓴的精辟之言，又像拉家常一样平易；既有愤懑之问，又有幽默之语．只是阅读，就觉得演讲人的声口、神情、态度呼之欲出．这样的文无疑是适合亦“讲”亦“演”的现场表达的．

　　二、适合于现场调控　写作演讲稿的运思阶段就要顾及针对听众的现场调控．要适当地预设或埋伏一连串能够触发听众的想象、情感、意志、经验等等的兴奋点，以便张弛有度、擒纵自如地驾驭现场，调控听众，促使听众参与，更好地进行现场交流．在成文过程中，要围绕演讲目的和内容，在开头、过渡、展开、收束等各个环节上有意识地运用调控技巧．比如，在行文上，设置悬念以引人入胜，运用蓄势的手法导向情绪的爆发点，形成一个个激荡人心的涡旋．还可以点缀“闲话”，以调节心理、活跃气氛，化隔膜为亲密，化挑剔为欣赏，及时喷洒防止精神疲劳的清醒剂．其实调控手段远不止这些．此外，写作演讲稿时，对风云变幻的“现场”要有所准备，必要时还要对可能出现的情况有所设想．鲁迅的演讲《文学与政治的歧途》有这么一段：

　　北京有一派人骂新文学家，说：“你们不应该拿社会上的穷人和人力车夫做材料．你们做诗做小说应该用才子佳人的做材料，才算是美，才算是雅，你们为什么不躲进象牙之塔？”但他们现在也都跑到南方来了，因为北京的象牙之塔已经倒塌，没有人送饭给他们吃，不能不跑了．……为人生的文学家，平时就很危险，到了革命的时候，死的死，流落的流落，因为他们的感觉比普通一般人敏捷，他们所看到的想到的，平常的人都不了然，他们的境遇往往是困苦的，所以能够看见别的困苦．

　　作者一方面成功地表达了演讲内容，一方面顾及了现场调控．北京的“一派人”的话中有一句：“你们为什么不躲进象牙之塔？”作者引用过来自然引起听众对演讲人如何作答拭目以待，然而只用一个“但”转到他们不“美”不“雅”地逃到南方混饭吃，以其行驳其言，俏皮机智，令人哑然失笑，接着又用为人生的文学家的艰难处境与之对比，含蓄地予以赞扬．如果说这是一个不露形迹的情绪热点的话，那么前面的冷嘲就是有力的反衬式铺垫和蓄势．这段演讲看似漫不经心，但对材料的选择和组合对先谈什么后谈什么以及怎样说，都有精心的考虑，以求得更好地调控和驾驭听众．

　　三、适合于现场听众　听众的性别、年龄、种族等自然特点和情感、意志、趣味等心理特点以及文化、教养、境遇等社会特点，都要纳入演讲稿的构思之中，切忌目中无“人”．撰搞时的感觉，应是面对听众，说出他们乐于倾听的话．即便是一个说法一个称呼语也是值得再三斟酌的．曲啸在向劳教人员演讲之前就苦思冥想了这样的“提法”：“触犯了刑律的朋友们”，结果使这些特殊的听众万分感动．1972年尼克松总统访华时在答谢宴会上的祝词中说：

　　昨天，我们同几亿电视观众一起，看到了名副其实的世界奇迹之一——中国的长城．当我在城墙上漫步时，我想到了为了建筑这座城墙而付出的牺牲；我想到它所显示的在悠久的历史上始终保持独立的中国人民的决心；我想到这样一个事实，就是，长城告诉我们，中国有伟大的历史，建造这个世界奇迹的人民也有伟大的未来．

　　面对在座的中国官员，作为美国总统的尼克松热情赞扬了中国人引以自豪的长城，是很能博得好感的，也淡化了两国政府的原则分歧所造成的阴影．演讲还围绕“长城”借题发挥又说了几段话，使“拆除我们之间的这座城墙”这个并不轻松的话题显得轻松．敏感的听众意识使演讲人选择了“长城”这个自然、得体、巧妙的角度．

　　四、适合于现场环境　演讲是发生在某个特定时空的行为，将要在哪里演讲，以及“此时此地”的情景，也是在准备演讲稿时应当考虑的，是北疆还是南国，是故地还是异乡，是城市的广场还是乡村的田头，是轻松的场合，还是庄重的典礼，是相聚于一室还是于行旅之中，这些环境因素完全可以作为演讲的构成要素，有时甚至可以作为构思的重要基础，构成演讲的框架，以调动思想、感情和生活的积累，形成独特的情绪基调和语言特色．沈吉奎在为从台湾回来探亲的“七爷”夫妇举行的欢送会上有一段动人的话：

　　今天夜晚，是个令人难忘的夜晚．在亲人即将离别的时刻，一家老小，欢聚一堂，共享天伦之乐，喜悦之情难以言表．此时此刻，我们更加思念没有见过面的远在台湾的四位叔叔姑姑们，他们没能和七爷爷七奶奶一同归来，我只能在照片上看到他们，假如他们也能同路归来，也能参加今天的盛会，假如他们也能回来让我们看上一眼，也能端起家乡的酒杯，那该多好啊！我盼望他们早日归来，抚一抚家乡的土地，喝一口家乡的米酒，诉一诉离别的衷肠．回来吧，我亲爱的叔叔姑姑们！

　　在这个“难忘的夜晚”和“亲人即将离别的时刻”，“欢聚一堂”，把酒话别，“天伦之乐”与“喜悦之情”的背后涌动着深深的离情别意．演讲者自然而熨帖地引入了“此时此刻”的情景，使讲者与听者都很敏感并且心心交融的环境平添了浓浓的感情色彩．继而又从亲人团聚的此地联想到遥远的叔叔姑姑们，悬想着盼望着他们“也能参加今天的盛会”，抚摸着“家乡的土地”，痛饮“家乡的米酒”，点染出悲喜交集的气氛，形成了激动人心催人泪下的情感高潮．

　　可见，自然而巧妙地引入环境因素，更能切合演讲的场合，形成心心相通的同感和相互感染的情绪氛围．